來源:中考網(wǎng) 作者:匿名 2009-11-06 10:28:02
初中英語語法大全現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成: have (has) +過去分詞。
初中英語語法大全比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1)過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
2)過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語。
一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語
共同的時(shí)間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時(shí)間狀語
3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
舉例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。)
I have seen this film.
。◤(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
。◤(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
。◤(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
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