來源:中考網(wǎng)整理 2014-05-23 10:29:02
一、打好詞匯基礎(chǔ)
這里的詞匯基礎(chǔ)不僅僅是指對(duì)所學(xué)單詞的讀音、拼寫和意義的掌握,還要懂得常用單詞的前后搭配、近義詞辨析及短語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別等。中考單填空題涉及到:
(1) 常用詞的前后搭配。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題:
The earth is our home. We must ______it clean.
A. change B. sweep C. keep D. build
答案是C,因?yàn)樵谶@幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞中能接“賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的只有keep。
(2) 近義詞細(xì)微差別,特別是近義動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞的辨析。如?嫉挠校簊pend, cost, pay, take; talk, speak, tell, say; borrow, lend, keep, use; take, bring, fetch; hope, wish, expect; start, begin; lie, lay; hear, listen, sound; see, look; beat, win, lose, fail; rise, raise, lift; forget, leave; sound, voice, noise; home, family, house, room; game, match; excuse, reason; large, big; good, well等等。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題:
The temperature was below zero. It was difficult to ______ the car.
A. move B. get C. begin D. star
答案是D。溫度低與能否搬動(dòng)、移動(dòng)汽車,或者得到汽車均無關(guān)系,極易排除答案A和B;關(guān)鍵是區(qū)分begin和start,只要懂得使機(jī)器開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)或發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的開動(dòng)只能用start而不用begin,就可選出正確答案了D。
(3) 短語動(dòng)詞的比較,特別是由get, look, take, put, turn, come, send等動(dòng)詞加up, down, for, to, on, after, in, out, off, away等介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞。常考的有:get on / off / up / back; look at / for / after / up / out / like; put down / up / off / on / away; take off / up / down / away; turn off / on / up / down; send up / off / for; open up, made up; agree with, come up with等等。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題:
I didn’t go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked me to ______ my little sister at home.
A. look after B. look at C. look for D. look like
答案是C,由句子的意思可知母親叫我在叫“照看(look for)”妹妹。此題要求考生熟記各詞組的不同意思。
二、掌握基本語法知識(shí)
語法是譴詞造句的法則,掌握這些法則有助于正確說話寫文,也有肋于正確理解句子意思。所以語法對(duì)學(xué)好外語非常重要。中考試題中?嫉恼Z法規(guī)則有:
(1) 名詞:常見不可數(shù)名詞的用法特點(diǎn);可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則;名詞的所有格,特別是有兩個(gè)并列名詞后的所有格;語境中名詞的選擇。
(2) 代詞:人稱代詞主格和賓格的不同用法;形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的不同用法;something, anything, everybody, nobody, no one等復(fù)合不定代詞的用法;(a) few, (a) little, many, much, some, any等不定代詞的用法;either, neither, both, all等的用法;other, another, the other, others, else等詞的用法區(qū)別。
(3) 冠詞:定冠詞的用法,如表示特指時(shí)用the,在play后的樂器名詞前、序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)前等均要用the;不定冠詞a和an的用法及其區(qū)別;不用冠詞的情況,如不是特指的不可數(shù)名詞前和非特指的一日三餐的名詞前不用冠詞,play后所接的球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名詞前不用冠詞,當(dāng)bed, table, hospital, school, church等表示其用途時(shí)前面不用冠詞;一些固定短語中冠詞的用法。
(4) 形容詞和副詞:形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別,如在系動(dòng)詞后作表語或在名詞前作定語用形容詞,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一個(gè)副詞作狀語用副詞;形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法;how long, how soon, how often, how far等的區(qū)別;so和such的用法;enough的用法;在語境中選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞。
(5) 介詞:重點(diǎn)考表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的on, in, at等的用法區(qū)別;另外by, near, with, without, as, for, to, between, among等介詞的用法也是?嫉。
(6) 動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài);情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must, need, have to, had better等的用法;非謂語動(dòng)詞,如在enjoy, finish等動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語,在decide, refuse, would like后只能接不定式作賓語,在forget, remember, stop, go on等后接不定式和接ing形式意義不同;句型:ask / tell / want sb(not) to do sth;let / make / let sb do sth;see / hear / watch / notice sb do sth和see / hear / watch / notice sb doing的區(qū)別。
(7) 連詞:并列連詞and, but, or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等;引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞when, after, before, until, while, as soon as等;引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞if, unless等;表示因果關(guān)系的連詞because, as, since, so, so / such…that…等;引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞that, which, who, whom, whose等。
(8) 賓語從句:考查引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞if, whether; that; when, where, who, what, how等;語序;時(shí)態(tài)一致。
(9) 感嘆句和反意疑問句。
(10) there be結(jié)構(gòu)和have / has的區(qū)別。
三、學(xué)會(huì)利用語境分析
所謂語境就是指上下文。解答中考單項(xiàng)填空題,不要只盯在空格那個(gè)地方,也不要只盯在含空格的那一個(gè)句子,而要理解整個(gè)上下文的意思才能作出選擇。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題:
—You’re very ______, aren’t you? —Yes. Our team has won the game.
A. happy B. worried C. sad D. afraid
解答此題時(shí)你若只看問句,填任何一個(gè)答案都是正確的,當(dāng)看到答句中的has won the match才知道只有答案A正確。
四、熟悉常用的交際用語
就是指考生還要懂得英語國家的人與中國人由于歷史文化和思維方式的不同所造成日常交往中語言表達(dá)的不同。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題:
—Your spoken English is much better! —______.
A. Oh, no B. You’re right C. Thank you D. Not at all
當(dāng)被別人稱贊時(shí),謙虛的中國人常說“不,哪里哪里”或“不,還差得遠(yuǎn)咧”等等,若按這種思維,很容易錯(cuò)選答案A或D;而西方人卻是向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x,所以答案是C。
五、具有一定的生活常識(shí)
有的中考試題既不是考詞匯知識(shí)也不是考語法規(guī)則,而是考查考生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科普常識(shí),比如超市、加油站、公園、學(xué)校等公共場所的標(biāo)志和電視中的一些圖標(biāo)等等。因此,在平時(shí)的日常生活中要細(xì)心觀察,多看書報(bào)多看電視,廣泛涉獵,并注意生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科普常識(shí)的積累。
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