新一輪中考復習備考周期正式開始，中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了各學科的復習攻略，主要包括中考必考點、中考�？贾R點、各科復習方法、考試答題技巧等內(nèi)容，幫助各位考生梳理知識脈絡，理清做題思路，希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績！下面是《2018中考英語知識點：謂語動詞和主語的一致》，僅供參考！
謂語動詞和主語的一致
有些謂語動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，特別是動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時。在一般現(xiàn)在時中，若主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，多數(shù)動詞都要加-s或-es，如：He comes．Mary cries。如果主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)，就不需加這樣的詞尾，如：I come．
They cry．而且，不管是作主要動詞還是助動詞，在第三人稱單數(shù)的主語后都得用is，has，does這種形式，否則用are，am，have或do。至于can，may，must這些助動詞，在各種人稱后形式不變：
He（or She，It，My friend）comes（or sees，goes）．
He（or She，It，My friend）is waiting，has come，does go，（is，has，does作助動詞） is kind，has a funny face，doesnothing at all．（is，has，does作主要動詞）
I（or we，You，They，My friends）come（or see，go）．
I am waiting，have come，do go．We（or You，They，Myfriends）are waiting，have come，do go．（am，are，have，do作助動詞）
I am sorry．They are kind，have funny faces，do nothingat all．（am，are，have，do作主要動詞）
任何主語+must（or can，may，ought to，need not，darenot）come（or see，go）．
過去時可和住何主語一起用，只有was和were是例外。was和第一第三人稱單數(shù)主語一起用，其他主語都和were一起用，如：
He was ill．I was ill．They were ill．
在將來時中主要是用shall或will，不需加詞尾，如：
They（or John and Mary） will come，shall come．
He（or It） will come，shall come．
?判斷主語的人稱不難，但判斷它的數(shù)有時卻并不容易。至少有39種有關數(shù)上一致的問題，它們可以分為兩大類。
第一大類是哪個是主語的問題。在這類中，決定哪個詞或詞組是主語比決定某個主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)更困難。以下面句子為例：
The students，as well as the teacher，are（or is？）in the class－room．（在決定用are還是is以前，首先得決定students和teacher哪是主語，還是兩者都是主語。）
My guide is（or are？） the stars．（是guide還是stars是真正的主語？）
第二大類是主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)的問題。在這類中，決定主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)比決定哪個是主語更困難：
Billiards（單數(shù)還是復數(shù)？） is（or are？）my favorite game．
The phenomena（單數(shù)還是復數(shù)？） is（or are？） unbelievable．
The headquarters（單數(shù)還是復數(shù)？） is（or are？）in London．
1）第一大類：哪個是主語？
謂語動詞通常跟在主語后面，但有時卻放在主語前面，特別是在由who，which，how，when等疑問詞或助動詞引起的問句中：
Who are they？
Which does she like best？
Has your wife come back from Paris？
Are the guests celebrating her birthday？
在某些倒裝句中，謂語動詞有時放在主語前面：
If you are not satisfied，nor is Peter．
Never in my life have I forgot her．Nobody else can I love．
Hardly has Liz woken up when the sun rises.
“I feel bored．”“So is evrybody．”
在下面這類倒裝句中情況也如此。
There come many children．
Before the house stands a tree.
Before the house stand a tree and a bench（two things）．
In the house there is a cat，（there is）a dog，and（thereare）three birds．（后面的there is，there are多省略，在acat前用is是對的。）
To Dick fall the duties of maintaining the family．
After Jan comes Nora．
Here's all the coins I have.（在口語中here's和there's和where's后可跟一復數(shù)名詞）
There's three friends waiting for me．
Where's the kids that stole the apples？
在下面這類句子中，補語或分詞提前，主語在is，was，are，were之后：
Gone are all my happy days！
Waiting for the results are thousands of people．Gathered under the roof were all the big shots．
兩個單數(shù)名詞由and連接可構成復數(shù)主語：
John and Mary（=Two persons）are coming．
�。ǖ篔ohn is coming and Mary is coming，too.）
My money and my friend are both gone．
Good coffee and bad are different from each other．
兩個人稱代詞由and連接也構成復數(shù)主語：
He and I （=We）are friends．
Both you and he（=Both of you）are ill．
由every，any等詞修飾的幾個主語，盡管由and連接，仍然保持是單數(shù)：
Every boy and every girl is playing．
Any relative，any friend and any neighbour is ready to helphim．
Each grown－up and each child likes it．
No city，no village，no mountain，（and） no sea is a place ofsafety．
Many a man and many a woman has seen the accident．
兩個名詞前各加同一限定詞，表示是兩個人或兩樣東西，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)：
A general and a statesman（two persons）were killed．
His home and his office are very far from my home．
A black and a white dog are playing in the yard．
一個不可數(shù)名詞，如有兩個形容詞修飾，而指兩樣東西，動詞用復數(shù)；否則用單數(shù)：
English and French grammar are different．
Sweet and sour pork is delicious．
如果主體詞重復，表示是兩樣東西，動詞要用單數(shù)：
The situation before the war and the situation after are differ－ent．
What he said and what he thought were the same．
如作主語的兩個名詞用同一限定詞，指的是一個人或一樣東西，動詞要用單數(shù)：
A general and statesman（one person）was killed．
His home and office（one place）is very far from my house.
A black and white dog（one dog） is playing．
What he said and thought was for others．
有時兩個名詞雖由and連接，但習慣上被看作是一樣東西，這時動詞也用單數(shù)：
Bread and butter is enough for me．
Whisky and soda is his favourite．
Duck and peas is delicious，but eggs and bacon is better．
That cup and saucer is broken．
The wheel and axle is out of repair．
A needle and thread is all my grandmother needs．
Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy．
兩個抽象名詞一起用時，有時代表兩個東西，有時代表一個東西，動詞的單復數(shù)要根據(jù)意思來決定，有時兩者都可以（看我們?nèi)绾慰紤]）：
The use and object of this are（or is）simple．
The stitching and binding of books are（or is）a hard job．
His courage and endurance are（or is）Great．
Sym pathy and understanding are（or is）required．
Trial and error（通�？醋饕粋�概念）is the best way tolearn．
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．
The ebb and flow of one's fortune is a matter of course．
有時一個主語后跟一逗號，以及“and+名詞+副詞”，后面的動詞就常和第一個名詞一致。“and+名詞+副詞”可以看作一個省略的分句：
Mary，and her parents too（or also，likewise，as well），isfond of John．（＝Mary is fond of John，and her parents arefond of John，too．）
Mary，and perhaps（or particularly，even，certainly）herparents，is fond of John．（and+副詞+名詞）
Mary，but not her parents，is fond of John．
Mary's parents，but not Mary herself，are fond of John．（在跟有not時，可以用but代替and。）
單純數(shù)詞一般看作單數(shù)，如果有兩個數(shù)詞由and或time或其它詞連接，動詞可以用單數(shù)或復數(shù)形式：
Thirteen is an unlucky number．
Two and two make（or makes）four．
Eight plus five equals thirteen．（書面體）
Three fives are（or is）fifteen．（口語體）
Three times five are（or is）fifteen．
What are（or is）twice seven？
40 multiplied by 58 equals 2320．（書面體）
Five from nine（or Nine take away five）is（or leaves）four．（口語體）
Six hundred and one minus forty equals five hundred and six－ty－one．（書面體）
Three into twelve goes four．（口語體）
Two hundred fifty divided by fifty equals five．（書面體）如果數(shù)詞表示復數(shù)的人或東西，動詞也用復數(shù)形式：
Five（=Five Persons）were killed．
One and a half…為復數(shù)，而half a…為單數(shù)：
One and a half dollars were spent on sugar，and half a dollarwas Spent on flour．
A fine and／or imprisonment is（or are）not enough．
如果兩個主語由or或nor連接，動詞與最靠近的主語一致：Either you or I am right．
Neither Alice nor her parents like Mike．
One or two words are enough．（但是A word or two is e－nough．）
There is one or two examples．
Wang or rather his brothers decide the matter．
但：Life or（=and）death are nothing to me.
Whether John or Mary are willing to help me is still a problem．
兩個主語若由not only…but also…連接起來，動詞和最近的主語一致：
Not only my house，but many other houses have been white－washed．
�。ǖ詈谜f：Not only my house has been whitewashed，butmany other houses，too．）
Not only Mary's parents，but also Mary herself likes Mike．
There is not only Mary，but also Mary's parents．
如果主語后跟有介詞短語、連詞短語或是分詞短語，動詞仍與主語一致，不受中間插入成分的影響（注意主語后及短語后的逗號）：
Two girls，besides（介詞）Mary，are studying Malay．
All my sisters，except Lilian，study flower－arranging．
The street，with so many people going up and down，is dirty．
Lee，together with（介詞短語）his three brothers，has cometo our party．
The horses，along with their owner，fall into the river．
This problem，in addition to the other two，make me sad．
You，as well as（連詞短語）he，are mistaken．
The students，much more than the teacher，wish for a holi－day．
The teacher，as much as the students，wishes for a holiday．
Wang's friends，no less than Wang himself，wish for his suc－cess．
One apple，divided（分詞短語）by six children，is a thingunpleasant．
The manager，accompanied by his assistants，has gone out．
My schoolmates，including John，are kind to me．
All the members，not excepting the chairman，are arrived．
上面那種插在主語和謂語動詞之間的成分，也可移到句首，意思是差不多的：
Besides Mary，three students are studying Malay．
In addition to the other two，this problem makes me sad．
No less than Wang himself，Wang's friends wish for his suc－cess．
Accompanied by his assistants，the manager has gone out．
主語后面有時跟有of或其他介詞時，動詞仍和主語一致：One of the boys is sick．
The meeting of so many strangers broadens his view．
A cleanup of such a government is absolutely necessary．
The loss of his parents was too much for him．
A truckload of oranges costs about a thousand dollars．
Two spoons of sugar are just enough．
Two bottles of whisky are nothing to him．
Only five bags of rice are in stock.
Six cases of cholera are reported．
Signs of revolt are increasing every day．
This kind（or sort，type，class，species，breed，variety）ofcat is rare．
These kinds（or sorts，…）of flowers are rare．（口語體）
Flowers of this kind（or sort，…） are rare．（書面體）
One of the students，who speaks lrish，is her son．
One of the students who speak lrish is her son．
More children than one are infected．
Nobody but five workers is promoted．
Such people as John are wonderful．
The number of banks in this city is about forty．（但：A num－ber of banks are closed down．動詞和這類數(shù)詞短語后的名詞一致）
The average of absentees is four in each meeting．（但：Anaverage of four persons are absent in each meeting．）
The total of murders in this year is over two hundred．（但：A total of two hundred murders are committed this year．）
后面跟復數(shù)動詞的短語有：a majority of people，a variety ofreasons，a rain of bullets，a storm of stones，a flood of re-sources，a sea of faces，a trickle of tourists，a mountain ofwatermelons等等。
系動詞一般都和前面的主語一致，而不受后面補語的影響：My only pleasure is the movies.
The movies are my only pleasure．
Those stars are my only guide．
My only guide is those stars．
His food is fruit and milk．
Fruit and milk are his food．
Dogs are a pleasant trouble．
We are a football team．
主語后的同位語和補語一樣都不影響動詞的形式：
The movies，my only pleasure，are also my ruin．
Those stars，my only guide，are twinkling all the night．
His food，fruit and milk is delicious and nutritious．
They become master（or mistress）of the situation（or the Eng－lish language）．
Many fall victim．
They seem to be our enemy．
They are always the victor．
The world appears too many for me．
The nation is but individuals．
Who is knocking？It seems to be John and Mary．
She is all eyes（or all tears，all smiles）．
The room is all books and newspapers．
The street is all loiterers and beggars．
但：The following is my address（are their addresses）．
在某些習慣用法中補語用復數(shù)形式，動詞仍與主語一致：
He is（or becomes，makes）great friends with John．
He is pals（or shipmates，partners） with you．
He is enemies with everyone．
I am quits with him．
不定式、動名詞或從句作主語時，盡管里面有復數(shù)名詞，動詞仍用單數(shù)形式：
For them to tell lies is very easy．
For us businessmen to know many people is necessary．Telling lies does not pay．
Visiting all European countries is my ambition．
What we want is good roads．
That they like power and wealth is true．
“It pours cats and dogs”means it rains heavily．
“Many happy returns”is a form of greeting on someboby's birthday．
在it引起的強調(diào)某句子成分的句子中，動詞用單數(shù)更好一些：
It is they who（代表it，而不代表 they）is（比 are好）wrong．
It is you that（代表 it，而不代表 you）often makes（比 make好） such mistakes．
但實際上用復數(shù)的人也不少。
2）第二大類：主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)？
數(shù)詞，不管是泛指還是特指，只要是指人或物，通常都跟有復數(shù)動詞：
Seven were killed．
Two are missing．
Few know it．
A few have been thrown away．
Several were wounded．
Hundreds have become homeless．
Both have come．
Thousands upon thousands were starved．
Some were killed，others were wounded．
A large variety of umbrellas are on sale．
A few are satisfied，but a great many are disappointed and very angry．
The majority（or generality）of human beings are selfish．
Fifty dozen of stockings have just arrived．
Ten pair（s）of gloves are on display．
Four yoke of oxen are coming．
Twenty head of cattle are grazing．
A number of articles are damaged．（但：The number of thir－teen is unlucky．）
One and a half（more than one） apples are entirely rotten．（但：One apple is rotten．）
No students are interested in this subject．（但：No student is interested in it．）
Many hours and days have been spent．（但：Many an hour and day has been wasted．）
More persons than one are suspected．（但：More than one per－son is suspected．
There is［or are］more than one person．）
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