來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2019-05-11 19:06:20
一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于以下幾種情況
1. 不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如:
Many new buildings are built in our city.
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如:
The wounded man has been sent to a hospital.
3. 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者有比較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)。如:
The person was supported by those who wished to have a chance to make friends with him.
4. 出于禮貌,不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如:
You are requested to attend the party.
二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別
1. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞是表示主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài);而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)則是表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。試比較:
Our building is surrounded with the trees.(系表)
The film is usually showed on Sunday.(被動(dòng))
2. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ);而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。試比較:
The book is well written. (系表)
The book was written by Lu Xun.(被動(dòng))
三、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)
1. 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),只能將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍要保留。如果保留的是間接賓語(yǔ),要在間接賓語(yǔ)之前加上介詞to或for.如:
We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her.
2. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),要加上不定式符號(hào)to.如:
The boss made him work over twelve hours a day.
He was made to work over twelve hours a day.
3. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)作為一個(gè)整體,不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如:
The meeting has been put off.
4. 有些及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(多表示“靜態(tài)”)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),常見(jiàn)的有have, cost, lack, last, own, hold, fit, agree with等。
5. 有些不及物動(dòng)詞以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,常見(jiàn)的有cut, wash, write, sell等。如:
The shirt washes well.
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