英語閱讀難句分析之定語從句

英語閱讀難句分析之定語從句

　　英語和漢語中的定語有很大的不同。漢語中定語只能前置，而英語中定語既可前置也可后置。兩者的不同，不僅表現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上，也表現(xiàn)在意義上。英語中的定語從句有時(shí)從原因、結(jié)果、目的或條件等方面對中心詞加以限定。因此，在對語法結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文邏輯關(guān)系深刻理解的前提下，為了更明確地表明這種邏輯關(guān)系，可以將定語從句翻譯成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。同時(shí)值得注意的是，定語從句與中心詞之間常有分割成分，而該分割成分中與定語從句緊挨著的名詞，常常會被誤認(rèn)為定語從句的中心詞。

　　因此，遇到這種結(jié)構(gòu)，一定要根據(jù)上下文和常識進(jìn)行判斷。翻譯定語從句時(shí)可采用提前譯、順序譯、分譯或轉(zhuǎn)譯等多種方法。

　　1. As far as the third factor is concerned,the history of science shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation;in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down,as happened in cosmology,for example.

　　第一層： As far as the third factor is concerned ,狀語從句1 the history 主 of science 定 shows 謂 many 定 instances 賓 in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly power- 定語從句 ful resistance to further investigation ; in some cases 狀 centuries 主 elapsed 謂 before this resistance was eventually broken down,as 狀語從句2 happened in cosmology,for example.

　　第二層： (狀語從句1) As far as 引 the third factor 主語 is 系 concerned 表語

　　(定語從句) in which 引 the force 主 of authority 定 has operated 謂 in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful re- 狀 sistance to further investigation

　　(狀語從句2) before 引 this resistance 主 was 系 eventually 狀 broken down, 表 as happened in cosmology，for example 定語從句

　　第三層： (定語從句) as 引 happened 謂 in cosmology,狀 for example. 插入語

　　要點(diǎn) 本句由兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成，以分號連接。第一個(gè)分句的主干為the history of science shows many instances，in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾instances，such ……as ……表結(jié)果，后接不定式;在第二個(gè)分句中，before 引出時(shí)間狀語從句：before this resistance was eventually broken down;代詞as在此是關(guān)系代詞，引出定語從句：as happened in cosmology。resistance：抵抗(力);阻力。cosmology：宇宙論，宇宙哲學(xué)。

　　譯文 至于第三個(gè)因素，科學(xué)史中有許多事例表明，權(quán)威的力量起到這樣一種作用：它給進(jìn)一步的研究設(shè)置了一道極其牢固的障礙;在許多情況下，要花上幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間才能最終打破這道障礙。例如，在宇宙學(xué)中就發(fā)生過這樣的事。

　　2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

　　 歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動設(shè)備訪問中考網(wǎng)，2024中考一路陪伴同行！>>點(diǎn)擊查看