in time意思是“及時(shí)”，指在時(shí)間上有提前、剛好的意思，表示正趕上時(shí)候或恰在需要的時(shí)候，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)常與for sth.或to do sth. 連用。如：
We’re just in time to catch the bus.
on time意思是“按時(shí)、準(zhǔn)時(shí)”，通常指有時(shí)間限制，以規(guī)定的時(shí)間為界，在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)即為按時(shí)。
如：We should get to school on time.
The train arrived on time.
3）貌似相同的beside與besides
beside表示位置，意思是“在......的旁邊”，與by，at同意。
如：
There is a big tree beside the house.
besides意思是“除了......以外，還......”與except，but同義。如：
The girl is studying Japanese besides English.
6 but：但是，可是，而
He is old， but he looks very young.
他老了，但他看起來(lái)很年輕。
Li Li likes violin but doesn't like piano.
李莉喜歡小提琴，（但是）不喜歡鋼琴。
�。╞ut 后面省略了主語(yǔ)Li Li，因?yàn)榕c前面的主語(yǔ)成分相同）
Mary likes violin， but Tom doesn't.
瑪麗喜歡小提琴，而湯姆不喜歡。
�。╠oesn't后面省略了like violin，因?yàn)榕c前面的成分相同）
He isn't a teacher but a doctor.
他不是（一個(gè)）老師，而是醫(yī)生。
They came here not for money but for the life.
他們到這兒來(lái)，不是要錢(qián)，而是要命。
注意：
but所連接的句子，句中如果某些成分與前面相同，則可以省略。
7 or：或，或者，否則
Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.
李明是北京人還是上海人呢？
1.基本用法
or表示“～或”的意思，使用于兩者之中選擇一個(gè)的時(shí)候。
Would you like coffee or tea？
你喜歡咖啡還是茶？
Tom or I am right.我或者湯姆是對(duì)的。
Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.
李明或者是他的同班同學(xué)在打掃房間。
注意：
“A or B”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨or后面的詞（B）而定，因此例子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞服從I，用am。
2.特別用法
句型：祈使句， or…=If you don't…， you'll…
同and一樣，or在祈使句中的用法，譯成“請(qǐng)…，否則…”，有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。
Hurry up，or you'll miss the bus.
快點(diǎn)吧，否則你就會(huì)誤了公共汽車(chē)。
=If you don't hurry up，you'll miss the bus.
如果你不快點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)誤了這班車(chē)。
Study hard，or you'll fail in the exam.
好好學(xué)吧，否則你考試就會(huì)不及格。
=If you don't study hard，you'll fail in the exam.
如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，你考試就會(huì)不及格。
注意：
or疑問(wèn)句的讀法or前面的部分用升調(diào)，后面的部分用降調(diào)。
8 副詞和動(dòng)詞
如果主要?jiǎng)釉~前有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞（特別是頻度及肯定副詞）要放在兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之間，而修飾主要?jiǎng)釉~的副詞（特別是方式副詞）應(yīng)放在這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的前面：
a） Tigers have often been discovered in this area．
You can never have seen such a beautiful place．
He will probably be made President of the Company．
He has surely been punished for his offence．
He may，unfortunately，be killed by robbers．
b） This decision will be publicly announced．
I would have carefully done it，if it had been useful．
He must have seriously considered this matter．
要使副詞（短語(yǔ)）盡可能靠近它修飾的動(dòng)詞：
We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capital yesterday．（不好）
We went yesterday to…capital．（較好）
Yesterday a guest who had come from a distant country called on me．（不好）
A guest…me yesterday．（較好）
Immediately，he told me to leave his house．（不好）
He told me to leave his house immediately．（較好）
9 冠詞應(yīng)用考點(diǎn)
在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無(wú)冠詞意思不同，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別：
1.有些個(gè)體名詞“school，college，prison， hospital，bed”等詞與動(dòng)詞或介詞連用時(shí)，有無(wú)冠詞表示不同含義
例：go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病
go to the hospital去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)
in hospital (生病)住院
in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里
at table進(jìn)餐
at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船
by the sea在海邊
in front of 在…前面
in the front of 在…范圍內(nèi)的前部
2.兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個(gè)不同東西。
例：He raises a black and a white cat.他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。
3.如后一個(gè)形容詞無(wú)冠詞，則指一物。
例：He raises a black and white cat.他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。
a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一個(gè)人)
a teacher and a writer一位教師和一位作家(兩個(gè)人)
10 辨析基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞運(yùn)用
對(duì)數(shù)詞的考查不在單純地停留在基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成與用法上了，更多地將基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞同時(shí)用于一道題中，考查我們?nèi)绾握_地判定句子中什么地方用基數(shù)詞，什么地方用序數(shù)詞。這就要求我們熟練地掌握對(duì)基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成與用法。下面就2019年的考題來(lái)說(shuō)明怎樣做好這類(lèi)考題。
【典型考例1】
（2019四川涼山州）There are（）people in Dale’s family. They live on the（）floor.
A. five； nine
B. fifth； nine
C. five； ninth
D. fifth； ninth
【析】正確答案：C。
句意：在戴爾家里有5口人，他們一家居住在九樓。第一句指的是名詞的數(shù)量，故用基數(shù)詞；而第二句“居住在九樓”，表示的是樓層的順序，故用序數(shù)詞。所以，本題的正確答案為C。
【典型考例2】
（2019湖北鄂州） Our country is nearly（）years old. We'll celebrate its（）birthday on October 1， 2019 around the country.
A. seventy， seventy
B. seventy， seventieth
C. seventieth， seventy
D. seventieth， seventieth
【析】正確答案：B。
句意：我們的國(guó)家快70周歲了。我們將在2019年10月1日在全國(guó)慶祝她的生日。第一句表示數(shù)量，在結(jié)合被修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ears可知，故70使用基數(shù)詞seventy。第二句因?yàn)楸恍揎椀拿~birthday為單數(shù)形式，因此這里的70表示順序，故用序數(shù)詞seventieth。所以，本題的正確答案為B.
11 There be 句型的用法
與
1）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
肯定句式：be +done (及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)
如果是不及物動(dòng)詞 + 相應(yīng)的介詞或副詞
否定句式：be +not +done
疑問(wèn)句式：be動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）放句首
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的be為助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)意義。be可能是am ， is ， are也可能是was ，were或原形be。
注：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞不變。
eg：
1.The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)
2.The song isn’t liked by young people.（否定句）
3. Is the song liked by young people ？（一般疑問(wèn)句）
4.Who is the song liked by ？=By whom is the song liked？（特殊疑問(wèn)句）
各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成（動(dòng)詞以do為例）：
→一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：am/is /are done
例句：He is asked to do this.
→一般過(guò)去時(shí)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：was/were done
例句：The story was told by her mother.
→一般將來(lái)時(shí)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：will /shall be done
Is/are going to
例句：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：should/would be done
Was/were are going to
例句：He said the trees would be planted soon.
→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：am/is/are being done
例句：The novel is being written.
→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：was/were being done
例句：At that time the desk was being made.
→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：has/have been done
例句：The house has been built.
→過(guò)去完成時(shí)
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：had been done
例句：They said that their work had been finished.
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today.
其它幾種特殊句型：
It is said that ……..
It is well known that …….
It is reported that……
例：
History is made by the people. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般過(guò)去時(shí))
The tree will be cut down next year.(一般將來(lái)時(shí))
The room must be kept clean.（含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）
The door is being opened.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）
The film has been seen by me.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
注：不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be的變化上，同時(shí)助動(dòng)詞be還要在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)保持一致。
2）應(yīng)用情況
行為的執(zhí)行者不明確或不必說(shuō)出來(lái)。
eg： A stranger was killed last night.
用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者。
eg： The story is told everywhere in the city.
3）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
A new shop was built last year.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages.
4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Young trees must be watered often.
6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tomnow.
7. 不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees tobe planted.
13 狀語(yǔ)從句
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