8大時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1、概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況;有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況;總是發(fā)生的;事實(shí)真理。
2.時(shí)間狀語: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動(dòng)詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
4.否定形式：主語+am / is / are+not+其他;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加 don't，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問句：把 be 動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞 do 提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。
eg：①It seldom snows here. 這里很少下雪。②He is always ready to help others. 他總是樂于幫助別人。③Action speaks louder than words. 事實(shí)勝雄辯。
二、一般過去時(shí)
1.概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式或 be 的過去式+名詞
4.否定形式：主語+was / were+not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
5.一般疑問句：was 或 were 放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞 do 的過去式 did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
eg：①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你這么忙。
三、一般將來時(shí)
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時(shí)間狀語：Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主語+will / shall+do+其它
4.否定形式：主語+am /is/ are not going to+do;主語+will / shall not do+其它
5.一般疑問句：be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大寫)
eg：①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將在學(xué)習(xí)中與我們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
四、一般過去將來時(shí)
1.概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語：The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was / were+going to+do+其它;主語+would / should+do+其它
4.否定形式：主語+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主語+would/should+not+do.
5.一般疑問句：was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首
eg：①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他說他第二天要去北京。②I asked who was going there. 我問，誰要去那里。
五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語：Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+doing+其它
4.否定形式：主語+be+not+doing+其它
5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
eg：
①Are you feeling good today?你今天感覺如何?
②He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。
六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
2.時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu): 主語+was / were+doing+其它
4.否定形式：主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
5.一般疑問句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫)
eg：①At that time she was working in a company. 那段時(shí)間她在一家公司工作。②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他進(jìn)來時(shí)，我正在讀報(bào)紙。
七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have / has+過去分詞+其它
4.否定形式：主語+have / has+not+過去分詞+其它
5.一般疑問句：have 或 has 放句首。
eg：①I've written an article. 我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在過去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
八、過去完成時(shí)
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語：before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.
4.否定形式：had+not+done.
5.一般疑問句：had 放于句首。
6.用法：(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。
eg：She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她從來沒有去過巴黎。
(2)在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。
eg：①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>
(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"。
eg：①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。
②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。(注意：had hardly… when... 剛......就......)
③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。(注意：had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……)
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