2023年初中英語閱讀理解�？碱}型及解題技巧

如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等，同時(shí)將標(biāo)記的信息盡量記在腦海中。

同學(xué)們在拿到閱讀理解題時(shí)，不要急著看文章，先看給出的問題，標(biāo)記問題中的重點(diǎn)信息，

根據(jù)問題中標(biāo)記的關(guān)鍵信息，快速瀏覽全文，將閱讀的重點(diǎn)放在文章的段首句，轉(zhuǎn)折句和整篇文章的最后幾句，明確每段講述的主要內(nèi)容，定位關(guān)鍵信息的具體位置。

每道題都要把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，答案沒有對(duì)的，只有更好的。

這一步的目的在于解題，要關(guān)注問題問的是什么，問什么答什么，根據(jù)找到的精確信息為依據(jù)，選擇最匹配的答案即可。

選擇答案時(shí)需要客觀，判斷選項(xiàng)時(shí)所有的判斷依據(jù)都應(yīng)該來自原文，不要加入自己的想法和判斷，原文說什么就是什么。

1

歸納概括題

概括短文大意，歸納中心思想或選擇短文標(biāo)題，

一般來說，歸納概括題會(huì)要求主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)文章中心思想的理解和領(lǐng)會(huì)能力。

如果首位兩段表達(dá)的主旨一致，文章的主旨便在這兩段重復(fù)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容中，找出選項(xiàng)中與首尾段主旨表達(dá)重復(fù)的最多的即可。

解答這類題型時(shí)要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章的首位兩段，

如果首位兩段表達(dá)的主旨思想不一致，則需要根據(jù)文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷哪一段為主旨段，尾段出現(xiàn)的可能性更大，再根據(jù)主旨段選擇一個(gè)最合適的即可。

標(biāo)題選擇是主旨句的壓縮表達(dá)，同學(xué)們首先要注意抓住主旨句，再進(jìn)行主要詞匯的提煉，把一個(gè)句子提煉為幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，最后考慮最最合適的選項(xiàng)即可。

2021年廣州市中考真題

The top-selling album (唱片),Songs of the Humpback Whale, was made public in 1970.This collection of naturerecordings changed the way many people thought about whales,and it helped save thousands of whales’ lives.

30. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To call on people to save whales.

B. To tell how a good album was made.

C. To show that whales are bornsingers.

D. To introduce an album and its stories.

笞案：A

解祈：歸納概括題。根據(jù)文中的“This collection of naturerecordings changed the way many people thought about whales,and it helped save thousands of whales’ lives."以及后面的具體說明可知作者通過這篇文章號(hào)召人們拯救鯨魚，放選"To call on people to save whales.” 。

2

詞意猜測題

詞意猜測題一般是選取段落中的一個(gè)生詞，要求考生猜測詞義或者對(duì)其在特定段落中的意義進(jìn)行猜測，需要通過聯(lián)系上下文和構(gòu)詞法來做題。

解答此類題，同學(xué)們首先要熟練掌握大綱單詞，注重詞匯的拓展延伸學(xué)習(xí)，其次要聯(lián)系上下文，注意詞匯的位置，把詞放到句子中，把句子放到段落中去理解。

2021 廣州市中考真題

Some people believe that procrastination will make them.But researchers disagree.“I did a study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,”says Stone. “They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they tooklonger. But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usuallynot going to be good for you...

"thrive"

39.The underlined wordin Paragraph 3 most probably means____.A.think fasterB.work more successfullyC.give up more easilyD.worry too much

答案：B解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中的"But researchers disagree ”以及后面的研究結(jié)果可知 thrive 意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是 work more successfully。

3

細(xì)節(jié)理解題

時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、過程、解決、人物之間的關(guān)系

細(xì)節(jié)理解題可直接從文章中去尋找答案，經(jīng)�？疾斓挠�，詞匯句子的含義等。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)題方式相對(duì)單一，主要是針對(duì)某些容易混淆的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問，難度較小，屬于淺層理解題目�？疾斓念}目類型主要包括：

1)是非判斷

Which of the following statements is (Not)True?

2)特殊疑問詞提問

What/who/when/where/how/why…?

3)排序題類型

Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?

……

解答此類題目首先是要找出題目和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵字，一般為數(shù)字、人名或地名，再通過跳讀快速定位信息的出處，通過比對(duì)關(guān)鍵信息與選項(xiàng)，抉擇出答案。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題，出題者常用改動(dòng)細(xì)微處，截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造，因果倒置，替換觀點(diǎn)等來迷惑考生，在答題時(shí)要多注意句子的非主干成分如定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等。

2021 年深圳中考真題

In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu, encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty. "In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can't we? Nobody was born to be poor?" Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference.

11. Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers?

A. Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work.

B. Because Yu Gong was born poor too.

C. Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong.

D. Because Yu Gong became rich at last.

笞案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we?”可知，張貴順用愚公的故事來激勵(lì)村民是因?yàn)橛薰�意志�?jiān)強(qiáng)，工作努力。故選 A。

4

邏輯推理題

邏輯推理題為重點(diǎn)題型，一般占到閱讀理解題的 30% 左右，著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯判斷、歸納概括等能力。

這類題型要求考生縱觀全文，在對(duì)全文有把握的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理，判斷事件的前因后果，人物的性格和動(dòng)機(jī)等，需要通讀全文后根據(jù)關(guān)鍵的信息來分析判斷。

解答此類題型要注意兩點(diǎn)：一是與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選，二是文章沒有的信息不能跳出原文做判斷，在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合文章的細(xì)節(jié)做出判斷即可。

此外，除非文章中作者的觀點(diǎn)比較絕對(duì)，否則選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)化的形容詞要立即排出。(none，must，only，never，all)

2021 年深圳中考真題

In 2009, the city-level government investedover 1 million yuan ($152, 723) to change the village's exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations.After 10 years, the village was called "National Forest Village".

14. When was Shashiyu called "National Forest Village"?A. In 2009.B. In 2004.C. In 2015.D. In 2019.

笞案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“In 2009, the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan ($152, 723) to change the villages exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”. 可推理出，沙石峪在 2019 年被稱“國家森林村”。故選 D。

5

代詞指代題

代詞指代題要求考生根據(jù)一定的語境推測代詞所指代的內(nèi)容，屬于理解類題目，難度可大可小。�？嫉臉�(biāo)志詞有:it,that,this,one,these,those等。

名詞、名詞性短語或句子

解這類題時(shí)，同學(xué)們可以根據(jù)語境在代詞所在句或上文中尋找代詞所指代的，然后將其替換至代詞所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文邏輯、語法是否正確。

2022 年深圳中考沖刺題

Those

Some other things I would do at recess were chess andpaper cutting.might be worth trying. Maybe the teacher who is watching overall the kids needs someone to talk to as well. Whatever you want to do, don't let yourtime go to waste.

2. What does the underlined word "those" refer to?

A.New friends.

B.Chess and paper cutting.

C.Teachers.

D.Books.

答案：B

解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的內(nèi)客"Some other things I would do at recess were chess and paper cutting."可知those指代國際象棋和剪紙，故選"Chess and paper cutting." 故選 B。

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