2024年初中英語重點語法：過去進行時的用法

過去進行時語法詳解

定義：

過去進行時，是表示過去某個具體時刻正在進行的事情或動作。

結構：

was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞)

用法：

1.過去進行時表示過去某段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)進行的動作或者事情。常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：

We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。

What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么?

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥騎自行車的時候從車上摔下來，受傷了。

It was raining when they left the station.他們離開車站的時候天正在下雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.當我到達山頂?shù)臅r候，陽光燦爛。

2.過去進行時可以表示在過去某個時間點發(fā)生的事情。時間點可以用介詞短語.副詞或從句來表示。如：

What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?昨天晚上九點她在做什么?(介詞短語表示時間點)

When I saw him he was decorating his room.當我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。(when從句表示時間點)

3.在復合句中，如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動詞都可用過去進行時。例如：

While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。(兩個動作都是延續(xù)的)

He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進行)

過去進行時與一般過去時

都強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事，進行時強調(diào)過程，不一定完成；過去時強調(diào)事件，一定完成。

表示一個動作正在進行時，另一個動作發(fā)生了。如：He played when I was studying.

過去進行時與一般過去時，兩者都表示過去發(fā)生的動作，但過去進行時表示在過去某一特定的時間點或時間段正在進行的動作，而一般過去時表示在過去時間完成的動作｡例如:

I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信｡(可能沒打完)I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信｡(已經(jīng)打完)

具體區(qū)別如下：

1.一般過去時往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成，而過去進行時卻表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成。She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚給朋友寫了封信。(信寫完了)She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在給朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完)

2.一般過去時表示只做一次動作，而過去進行時卻表示動作反復地進行。She waved to me. 她朝我揮了揮手。

3.句中有a moment ago之類的短語一般用一般過去時。

4.句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之類的狀語一般用過去進行時。過去進行時可以用來代替一般過去時，表示更為偶然而非預定的動作：I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟湯姆聊天來著。

這里的過去進行時給人的印象是這一動作既不特殊，也不引人注目。它同時還傾向于解除主語對于這一動作所負的責任。句中誰先開口說話既不清楚，也無關緊要。要注意它與一般過去時的差異：

注意：進行時態(tài)只用于表示顯然是連續(xù)不斷的動作。

如果把動作分割開，或者說出其發(fā)生的次數(shù)，就必須用一般過去時：I talked to Tom several times.我跟湯姆談過幾次話。Tom washed both cars.湯姆把兩輛汽車都洗了。

當然，看來是并行的兩個動作可以都用進行時態(tài)來表示：

Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog.一點到兩點之間我在購物和遛狗。

這樣用的進行時態(tài)通常和某些時間狀語如today，last night，in the afternoon連用。這些時間狀語可以看做是表示某一時刻，也可以看做是表示某一段時間。如上面例句所示，某一段時間也可以用確切的時間來表示。

如想問起一段時間怎樣度過時，用過去進行時態(tài)要用比一般過去時顯得有禮貌：

What were you doing before you came here?(你來這里之前做什么工作?)要比 What did you do before you came here?聽起來有禮貌。

另一方面， What were you doing in my room?(你在我的房間里干什么來著?)可能表示這樣一種情感：我認為你沒有權利在我的屋子里。但 What did you do in my room?卻毫無這種含義。

不用于進行時的動詞

感官動詞：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……表示態(tài)度感情的動詞：like,love,hate……表心理狀態(tài)：feel,want,prefer……表占有：own,have,……表存在狀態(tài)和持續(xù)：look,owe,be……

when 和while的用法區(qū)別

兩者的區(qū)別如下：

1.when是at or during the time that, 既指時間點，也可指一段時間;

while是during the time that，只指一段時間，因此when引導的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是終止性動詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動詞，而while從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。

2.when 說明從句的動作和主句的動作可以是同時，也可以是先后發(fā)生;while 則強調(diào)主句的動作在從句動作的發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個動作同時發(fā)生。

3.由when引導的時間狀語從句，主句用過去進行時，從句應用一般過去時;如果從句和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進行時的時候，多用while引導，如：When the teacher came in, we were talking.當此句改變主從句的位置時，則為：While we were talking, the teacher came in.

專項練習題

一.用動詞的適當形式填空。1.I_____(have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.

2.Mary_____(go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter____(do) the same thing.

3.What_____you___(do) at that time?We_____(watch) TV.

4.Was your father at home yesterday evening?Yes,he was. He_____(listen) to the radio.

5.They_____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.

6._____they____(have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?

No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom.

7.______it_____(rain) when you left school? Yes, it____. (No, it____)

8.What_____your father_____(do) when he was your age?

9.One day, Edison_____(wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(軌道) to play.

10.He asked me if I______ (go) fishing that afternoon.

11.The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____(leave) in five minutes.

12.In a letter, john told us that he_____(come) to china next month.

13.When the bell rang, jenny_____(wait) in her seat.

14.She_____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.

15.While my father____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly____ a cry.

二.選擇題。1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.

A.cooked, were ringingB. was cooking, rangC. was cooking, were ringing D. cooked, rang

2.He said he_____to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

A.triesB.triedC.was tryingD.will try

3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.

A.was watching, was hearingB.watched, was hearingC.watched, heard D.was watching, heard

4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.

A.were watching B.watch C.watched D.are watching

5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?

A.did, read, was seeing B. did, read, sawC.were, reading, saw D.were, reading, was seeing

6.It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.

A.are gettingB.get C.were getting D.got

7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.

A.is, thinking, wasB.was, thinking, isC.did, think, isD.was, thinking, was

8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.

A.saw, passed B.was seeing, passedC.was seeing, passed D.was seeing, was passing

9.We____for tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us ______.

A.were waiting, waitingB.were waiting, waitC.waited, waiting D.waited, wait

10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.

A.helps B.would help C.was helpingD.is helping

11.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.

A.did, made B.was doing, madeC.was doing, was making D.did, was making

12.“_______ you angry then?”“they ______ too much noise.”

A.are, were makingB.were, were makingC.are, made D.were, made

13.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me

A.did, heard B.did, didn’t hearC.was doing, heard D. was doing, didn’t hear

14.This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV

A.repaired, didn’t watch B.was repairing, watchedC.repaired, watched D.was repairing, wasn’t watching

15.His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.

A.was gettingB.getsC.is gettingD.will get

參考答案：

一.用動詞的適當形式填空。

1.was having 2.was going,were doing 3.were doing,were watching 4.was listening 5.were not making 6.Were having were cleaning 7.was raining 8.did do(do) 9.was waiting 10.was going/would go 11.was leaving 12.is coming /will come 13.was waiting 14.was making 15.was looking ,heard

二.選擇題。

BCDAC,CDAAC,CBDDA

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