來源:網(wǎng)絡資源 2023-10-01 20:13:58
1
●現(xiàn)在完成時的定義●
1.表示到說話人說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作,卻對現(xiàn)在仍有影響或結(jié)果。
例如:
He has lost his book.
他丟了他的書。
2.表示事情開始于過去,卻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在進行的事情。
例如:
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
他在我們學校教書已有 30 年了。
3.表示從過去某個時間直到現(xiàn)在的這個時間范圍內(nèi)不斷重復發(fā)生的動作或情況,并且這個不斷重復的動作有可能繼續(xù)下去,也有可能到現(xiàn)在就結(jié)束。
例如:
My father has always gone to work by bike.
我父親一向騎車上班。
4.同一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來一樣,現(xiàn)在完成時也可以在時間狀語從句里表示將來。
例如:
I'll wait until he has written his letter.
我愿等到他把信寫完。
2
●現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成●
1.肯定句:
主語 + have/has + 動詞過去分詞 + 其它
2.否定句:
主語 + haven’t/hasn’t + 動詞過去分詞 + 其它
3.一般疑問句:
Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞過去分詞 + 其它
4.特殊疑問句:
特殊疑問詞 + have/has + 主語 + 動詞過去分詞 + 其它
例如:
She has played the piano for two hours.
She hasn’t played the piano for two hours.
— Has she played the piano for two hours?
— Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.
How long has she played the piano?
3
●現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞的具體用法●
1.already, just, ever, never, before, yet
(1)already 意為“已經(jīng)”
通常用于肯定句中,可放在助動詞之后,過去分詞之前,也可以放在句末。
例如:He has already had breakfast.
(2) just 意為“剛剛”
表示行為剛剛過去,常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。
例如:My father has just finished his work.
(3) ever 意為“曾經(jīng)”
用于疑問句或否定句中,放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。例如:Have you ever visited the Great Wall?
(4) yet 用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”,用在否定句中意為“還”,常放在句末。
例如:
— Have you watched the movie yet?
— No. I haven’t watched it yet.
(5) never 意為“從來沒有”
多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間,常與 before 連用。
例如:I have never been to such a beautiful place before.
(6) before 意為“以前”
指過去不確定的某個時間,總是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
例如:I haven’t been to Beijing before.
2.since 和 for
(1) since + 過去時間點 / 過去時的從句。
例如:
Helen has lived in New York since 2015.
My brother has learned about 500 English words since he was five years old.
(2) for + 一段時間,其時間狀語常用 how long 提問。
例如:
— How long have you cleaned your room?
— I have cleaned it for about two hours.
(3) since + 一段時間 + ago=for + 一段時間
例如:Jack has played basketball for three ( since three years ago).
4
●瞬間動詞與延續(xù)動詞●
1.延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作,可以與表示時間段的狀語連用;瞬間性不能延續(xù)的動作,動作一發(fā)生立即后通常不能跟時間段,若要跟時間段,將其轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞。
例如:
The movie has already begun for ten (錯誤)
The movie has already begun. (正確)
The movie has already been on for ten (正確)
★ 在否定句中短暫性動詞可與一段時間連用
例如:
I haven’t bought anything for one month.
2.非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應的延續(xù)動詞
borrow→keep buy→have begin/stacome to→be in/at go out→be out be away open→be open arrive here die→be dead finish→be ovill→be ill marry→be married jomember of
5
● 三個have/has 句式的區(qū)別●
1.have/has been to
表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地已經(jīng)不在那里了?膳c just, ever, never等連用。
例如:
I have ever been to Sany.
2.have/has gone to
意為“到某地去了”該人不在現(xiàn)場,一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。表示某人去了某有回來)。
例如:
Lily’s father has gone to Chengducome back in three days.
3.have/has been in
表示“在某地呆了間”,常與表示一段時間的狀語連用 since, for, how long 等,表示某人在某了多久。
例如:
Mark has been in China since two year.
6
●用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子●
1.It is the first/second time + that 句型中部分用現(xiàn)在完成時。
例如:
It is the first time that he has visited C
2.This is + 形容詞最高級 + that 句型中部分用現(xiàn)在完成時。
例如:
This is one of the most ugliest facehave ever seen.
3.It is / It has been + 時間段 + since ...
例如:
It has been two years since we met last year.
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